- OrthogonalityAirplane with attitude indicator and compassDuck reflectionsReflection in a linePlane reflection reverses orientationLine reflection in three dimensions preserves orientationPoint reflection in three dimensions reverses orientationGram-SchmidtConstuct the orthogonal projectionOrthogonal components of a vector in 3DOrthogonal components of a vectorThe axis of a rotationFoci of a hyperbola