Newsvender Problem, Uniform Distribution
Explanation and instructions
The newsvendor problem is a classical problem in operationsmanagement and applied economics used to determine optimal inventory levels. It
is (typically) characterized by fixed prices and uncertain demand for a
perishable product.
We assume that a newsvendor buys a quantity of newspapers with a given price
paid and sales price. Based on demand, we compute profit.
For this version of the applet we assume that the demand function is a uniform distribution.
In step 1 we set up the parameters of the graph.
High Profit, Low Profit, and High Quantity give the limits of the graph.
The Order Quantity, is limited to being between 0 and High Quantity.
We assume that demand is between 0 and High Quantity.
Dragging the purple Q lets you see the profit or loss for a given quantity of papers sold.
In step 2 we specify the high and low demand of the demand function.
Note that the blue density function is on a different scale from the profit function.
In step 3 we multiply Probability times Profit
to get expected profit at each demand value.
We lose the most money on a day when the demand is 0,
but since that is less than the minimal demand, those days don't happen
so we don't expect to lose any money on those days. We expect to lose
more money on days when demand is minimal, than on days when demand is 0.
In step 4 we add up the expected profit for each
demand value for our order size and get the expected profit for the order size.
In step 5 we can drag the order size and get the
curve of expected profit as a function of order size.
Step 6 lets us clear the trace and retry the problem with different parameters.